Application of Green Fluorescent Protein in Immunoassays

Abstract

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein\rthat emits green fluorescence when exposed to a radiation of ultraviolet\rwavelength range, even without the addition of substrate and cofactor. Because\rof such characteristics, the usage of GFP is widespread in both in vivo and in vitro applications. In addition, recent advances in\rbiotechnology have enabled GFP to be expressed in various hosts, including\rbacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and even living-cells, for multiple purposes.\rCurrently, GFP is a subject of great interest in the analytical sciences,\respecially in immunoassays for qualitative and quantitative analyses, when it\ris fused with an antibody because of the high sensitivity of GFP and\rantigen-binding specificity of antibodies. Recently the fluobody, which is a\rfusion protein of GFP with single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv), has\rbecome a useful tool in various fields. We review here the applications of GFP\ras fluobodies in immunoassays.