Human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS

Abstract

For any practitioner treating patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this chapter provides a framework for considering the varied array of neurological complications.HIV can affect both central and peripheral nervous systems. Some of these complications, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction, are the direct result of HIV itself. Other complications are due to opportunistic infections or are adverse effects of the treatments that are used against HIV. The clinical manifestations of these complications are reviewed, with emphasis on the key features useful for making proper and timely diagnoses. Up-to-date treatment recommendations, based on the most recent research and expert opinion, are included.