Role of entomology in sustaining agroforestry productivity

Abstract

A variety of insects are associated with various stages of their growth with agroforestry systems. Earlier, in agroforestry studies relative emphasis on the insect-pest component was low because of other priorities. Now, there is an increased realization and awareness about the emergence of serious pest problems in promising agroforestry systems and other associated risks. In agroforestry systems, to enhance productivity and diverse uses, it has become a practice to introduce trees and other plants from different regions. Another likely point in context of agroforestry systems is increase in population and diversity of beneficial insects like pollinators, predators, and soil arthropods which sometimes may reduce pest loads. Many interactive factors operate in agroforestry systems like shaded conditions, barriers in insect movement, natural enemies, host plant resistance, etc., and they influence intensity of damage. Even the masking effect of odors released by different plant species in such systems interferes with insects' orientation abilities. The concept of biological control is considered appropriate in context of agroforestry systems that prevent high pest build and favor natural enemies. More investments in understanding of key target pests in agroforestry and their interactions will be useful in refining existing systems and designing new systems from the viewpoints of productivity as well as sustainability.