Implementation Research the Fourth Movement of the Unfinished Translation Research Symphony

Abstract

Although a universally accepted definition of translational research does not exist, it is widely accepted that the spectrum of translational research begins with fundamental scientific discoveries and ends with discovery of new knowledge for implementation of proven-effective interventions that, when applied will improve population health. Within this broad spectrum, various translational research steps have been identified. Current evidence shows that the biomedical research enterprise has been highly successful in early translational research, whereas much less success can be demonstrated for late phase translational research, especially T4 translation research. To maximize the population health impact of fundamental research discoveries, we have to endeavor to complete the execution of all steps in the translational research spectrum. In this regard, the stakes for T4 translation research and implementation science are very high. However, ongoing trans-NIH efforts provide reassurance that there is a path forward for success in confronting the challenges in the arena of implementation science. There is a growing symphony of activity within dissemination and implementation research as evidenced by funding announcements, annual meetings, trainings, publications, and studies; perhaps this is less a symphony than it is an instrument group burgeoning in vibrancy and in membership. Regardless of the viewpoint, the symphony of research discovery and impact requires this group-perhaps the string instruments-to sit beside the other translational groups and create the ultimate masterpiece.