Durability characteristics of sustainable low clinker cements: A review

Abstract

Cement is an important industrial product for economic development. Global consumption of cement is predicted to continue to grow from current level of 450 kg per capita with escalation in economic growth of world. Cement production is an energy intensive industry and the industry is facing major challenges in terms of the air pollutants produced during production along with that amount of energy resources invested in the production process and consumption of natural resources. Use of low clinker cement can ensure to provide sustainable explanation to minimize the total environmental impact. Use of various supplementary cementitious materials as clinker replacement is being carried out since past 70 years. In order to mitigate the long term impacts on structures built using such binders, the durability study is of utmost importance. In this paper a comparative study of various low clinker cements consisting of fly-ash, slag, calcined clay, limestone and their subsequent effect on durability is reviewed.