Anatomy of the periodontium: A biological basis for radiographic evaluation of periradicular pathology

Abstract

The periodontium surrounds and supports the teeth and consists of four major components; gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum/dentin, and alveolar bone/lamina dura, with collective function of keeping the tooth in position despite varying changes and responses during mastication. A near-normal radiograph of periradicular tissues was used as the basis for evaluation of some common periradicular radiographic pathologies. Apical periodontitis was 70 (58.33%), alveolar abscess 32 (26.66%), and apical granulomas 15 (12.50%). A background anatomy of the periodontium is advocated as a precondition for accurate evaluation of periradicular pathologies.