Active Learning: Cooperation in the Classroom

Abstract

A model for active learning in the classroom is presented and learning activities are illustrated. Experiential learning provides the framework and cooperative learning the catalyst to engage students actively in learning. Experiential learning is a four-stage cycle involving four fundamental learning modes (styles); their synthesis leads to higher levels of learning. The cycle can be divided into inductive and deductive learning activities. We found it helpful to view the four-stage learning cycle as a spiral in time that extends beyond a session. For example, a concept may be developed or applied in different contexts, at different times, and through different learning modes. Through experimentation and student feedback, we have developed a cooperative learning structure, a variation of think-pair-share, that is effective in the classroom. Guidelines for developing active learning environments are drawn from the literature and our own experience. The principal incentive is: small, incremental changes in the learning environment can lead to significant gains for students. Moreover, it makes teaching more rewarding and enjoyable.