A Nonaligned Business World: The Global Socialist Enterprise between Self-Management and Transnational Capitalism

Abstract

This article explores the role of Yugoslav self-managed corporations in the global economy, with a particular attention to the late socialist period (1976-1991). Guided by a vision of a long-Term integration of the Yugoslav economy into the international division of labor on the basis of equality and mutual interest, by the late 1970s the country's foreign trade and hard currency revenue was boosted by a number of globally oriented corporate entities, some of which survived the demise of socialism and the dissolution of the country. These enterprises had a leading role as the country's principal exporters and as the fulcrum of a web of economic contacts and exchanges between the Global South, Western Europe, and the Soviet Bloc. The article seeks to fill a historiographic gap by focusing on two major Yugoslav enterprises (Energoinvest and Pelagonija) that were based in the less-developed federal republics-Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. The article also investigates the transnational flow of ideas around the so-called public enterprise, its embeddedness in an interdependent global economy, and its visions for equitable development. Finally, the article explores these enterprises as enablers of social mobility and welfare, as well as spaces where issues of efficiency, planning, self-reliance, and self-management were negotiated.