Reducing Public Stigma Towards Psychosis: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Effects of Social Contact Based Brief Video Interventions

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis: Public stigma reduces treatment-seeking and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among young people with psychosis. Social contact-based video interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing stigma; however, more research is needed regarding very brief interventions less than 2 minutes long, which are suitable for social media platforms and particularly relevant for young adults. We recently conducted three randomized control trials and demonstrated the efficacy of such videos to reduce stigma toward individuals with psychosis among young adults of the general public. However, it is unclear what elements contributed to the effectiveness of these very brief interventions. Study Design: The present article proposes a conceptual framework to discern what elements contributed to the efficacy of these interventions. We first review the existing literature describing social contactbased interventions and how they impact the cognitions, emotions, and behaviors of participants. Study Results: Then, using this lens, we suggest an alternate observation of the data from our studies by examining changes in stigmatizing views across time, rather than utilizing mean scores and conceptualizing how key characteristics of our interventions helped reduce stigma. We also highlight future research directions, including the need to look at mediators and moderators of change and the need to examine behavioral outcomes. Study Conclusions: By hypothesizing how these interventions are proposed to work, this framework is intended to provide a roadmap for further development of brief video-based interventions to reduce stigma.