Different types of biomaterials: Structure and application: A short review

Abstract

Biomaterials are characterized as any material of natural or synthetic origin that comes into contact with the tissue, blood or biological fluids of a patient and which are, due to their exceptional structural characteristics but also potential applications in many branches of industry and medicine (prosthetic, diagnostic, therapeutic, or storage applications, etc.) used to improve the patient's life. Biomaterials which can be found everywhere in nature, both on land and in water, are of particular importance. These are materials based on spider silk, silkworms, corals, shells, fish bones as well as eggshells. The structure of these materials is extremely interesting because of the features such as remarkable physicochemical and mechanical properties that further allow the application in various branches of medicine such as orthopedics, neurology, dentistry, tissue engineering. The application is based on the use of these materials in the form of various implants, biomolecule carriers, wound healing agents, antimicrobial agents, dental fillings because they have an extremely long duration time and there is a minimal need for replacement or repair.