Progression to islet destruction in a cyclophosphamide-induced transgenic model: A microarray overview

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes appears to progress not as an uncontrolled autoimmune attack on the pancreatic islet β-cells, but rather in a highly regulated manner. Leukocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islets by autoimmune cells, or insulitis, can persist for long periods of time before the terminal destruction of β-cells. To gain insight on the final stage of diabetogenesis, we have studied progression to diabetes in a CD4+ T-cell receptor transgenic variant of the NOD mouse model, in which diabetes can be synchronously induced within days by a single injection of cyclophosphamide. A time-course analysis of the gene expression profiles of purified islets was performed using microarrays. Contrary to expectations, changes in transcripts subsequent to drug treatment did not reflect a perturbation of gene expression in CD4+ T-cells or a reduction in the expression of genes characteristic of regulatory T-cell populations. Instead, there was a marked decrease in transcripts of genes specific to B-cells, followed by an increase in transcripts of chemokine genes (cxc11, cxcl5, and cc17) and of other genes typical of the myeio-monocytic lineages. Interferon-γ dominated the changes in gene expression to a striking degree, because close to one-half of the induced transcripts issued from interferon-γ-regulated genes.