Synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridines (DHP) catalyzed by trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) in aqueous media

Abstract

An array of 1, 4-dihydropyridines (DHP) derivatives was synthesized by Hantzsch three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as an eficient catalyst in aqueous media. The proposed method was operationally simple and to make the process benign to the environment, water was used as a reaction medium. No aromatization of dihydropyridines products was done in the presence of TCCA as an oxidant.