A Compact Metamaterial Biosensor for Multi-Virus Detection With Tunability and High Incidence Angle Absorption

Abstract

In this research, we introduce a metamaterial biosensor designed for the detection of various viruses. The proposed sensor configuration comprises four square split ring resonators (SRR) coupled with a central graphene ring. The strong coupling between SRR and graphene ring results in near-perfect absorption at a frequency of 1.354 THz. To enhance versatility, the sensor’s performance can be tuned and controlled by adjusting the chemical potential (µc) of the graphene. Additionally, we validate the sensor’s functionality through an equivalent circuit model. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrates outstanding performance metrics, including a high sensitivity (S) of 1.7 THz/RIU, a Figure of Merit (FOM) of 165.09 RIU−1, high-quality factor (Q) of 112.5. Despite its reduced structural thickness of 3 µm, it remains suitable for integration into nanotechnology devices. Furthermore, the absorber exhibits exceptional absorption properties even at steep incidence angles, expanding its applicability in diverse scenarios. Its potential to detect a wide range of viruses, including malaria, dengue, herpes simplex virus, influenza, and HIV, and distinguish various cancerous cells, holds promise for advancing biosensing applications.