Thioredoxin reductase

Abstract

Mammalian thioredoxin reductase is a well-recognized enzyme for catalyzing the reduction of thioredoxin by NADPH, but its structure, catalytic mechanisms and physiological roles are still under investigation. In recent years, researchers have made major progress in revealing its crystal structures, isoenzymes and regulatory roles. Emerging evidence confirms that this enzyme may cooperate with many other molecules and nutrients in defense against oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms linking thioredoxin reductase, and cell growth/apoptosis are further elucidated. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the structures and mechanisms of mammalian thioredoxin reductase and its regulatory roles in certain cellular redox-sensitive events.