Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenol, mangiferin, and its antioxidant expression in mango peel (Mangifera Indica) using response surface methodology

Abstract

Background. Emerging extraction techniques for bioactive compounds have been cataloged as efficient and cost effective compared to conventional ones. The objective of this research was to define the time and temperature that will guarantee a higher mangiferin content and antioxidant potential in Colombian Criollo mango peel through Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Materials and methods. To find the optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology was used, proposing a 32 factorial experimental design having as response variables the content of mangiferin and total phenols, and the antioxidant activity measured through ABTS and ORAC techniques. Results. According to the results obtained, the R2 values were in accordance with the adjusted R2 values, showing that the data fit the model well. The results showed that both time and temperature had a significant effect on all the variables evaluated (p < 0.05). The optimization of multiple responses showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 10 min and 54°C; these values were performed experimentally to compare theoretical values, finding percentages of standard residual error of less than 5%. Conclusion. This allows the conclusion that the optimal parameters of temperature and time in ultrasoundassisted extraction were defined in Criollo mango peel. On the other hand, the peel showed a considerable metabolite content and antioxidant activity, suggesting it as a possible functional additive in the production of juices, nectars, and other mango-based products.