Size reduction and harmonic suppression of rat-race hybrid coupler using defected microstrip structure

Abstract

In this paper, defected microstrip structure (DMS) is applied to design a compact microstrip rat-race hybrid coupler. The proposed structure introduces both harmonic signal suppression and a significant reduction of size because half of the ring is embedded in upper section. By embedding the DMS, it is observed that the third harmonic signal is suppressed to - 25 dB with respect to a conventional rat-race hybrid coupler. Besides, this structure also effectively reduces the occupied area to 25% of the conventional case. Finally, using even and odd modes analysis the ABCD matrix of the proposed rat-race coupler was extracted. It is observed that the results are in good agreement with the full wave analysis and measurement.