Classification of water-bodies and pollution

Abstract

The science of limnology was born some hundred years ago, and early in the 20th century freshwater biomonitoring used organisms as indicators of, primarily, organic pollution in streams (Kolkwitz and Marsson, 1909) and lakes (Thienemann, 1922). Chironomids were involved in the saprobic system and played an overwhelming role in the biological classification of lakes.