Intraglomerular Dysfunction Predicts Kidney Failure in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

No longitudinal data link intraglomerular hemodynamic dysfunction with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) arteriolar resistance and intraglomerular pressure (PGLO) are not directly measurable in humans but are estimable from glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), blood pressure, hematocrit, and plasma oncotic pressure. We examined the association of the RA-to-RE ratio and PGLO with ESKD incidence in 237 Pima Indian individuals with T2D who underwent serial measures of GFR (iothalamate) and RPF (p-aminohippurate). Their association with kidney structural lesions was also examined in a subset of 111 participants. Of the 237 participants (mean age 42 years, diabetes duration 11 years, and GFR 153 mL/min and median urine albumin–to–creatinine ratio 36 mg/g), 69 progressed to ESKD during a median follow-up of 17.5 years. In latent class analysis, distinct trajectories char-acterized by increasing RA-to-RE ratio (HR 4.60, 95% CI 2.55–8.31) or elevated PGLO followed by a rapid decline (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.45–6.02) strongly predicted incident ESKD. PGLO (R2 5 21%, P < 0.0001) and RA-to-RE ratio (R2 5 15%, P < 0.0001) also correlated with mesangial fractional volume, a structural predictor of DKD pro-gression. In conclusion, intraglomerular hemodynamic parameters associated strongly with incident ESKD and correlated with structural lesions of DKD.