Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Economic analysis of randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of standard treatment with and without the addition of ward based non-invasive ventilation in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design: Incremental cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Setting: Medical wards in 14 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Participants: The trial comprised 236 patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild to moderate acidosis (pH 7.25-7.35) secondary to respiratory failure. The economic analysis compared the costs of treatment that these patients received after randomisation. Main outcome measure: Incremental cost per in-hospital death. Results: 24/118 died in the group receiving standard treatment and 12/118 in the group receiving non-invasive ventilation (P=0.05). Allocation to the group receiving non-invasive ventilation was associated with a reduction in costs of £49 362 ($78 741; €73 109), mainly through reduced use of intensive care units. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio was - £645 per death avoided (95% confidence interval - £23100 to £386), indicating a dominant (more effective and less costly) strategy. Modelling of these data indicates that a typical UK hospital providing a non-invasive ventilation service will avoid six deaths and three to nine admissions to intensive care units per year, with an associated cost reduction of £12 000-53 000 per year. Conclusions: Non-invasive ventilation is a highly cost effective treatment that both reduced total costs and improved mortality in hospital.