Negative Emotions

Abstract

Separation of married couples due to work requirements was quite common before the state-owned danwei system disintegrated in the 1990s. Huang’s early socialization at her grandmother’s home later became a source of alienation in her relationship with her mother. Huang’s mother embodied a soul traumatized by China’s past political movements, particularly the Cultural Revolution. The overseas experiences of Huang’s father and later her own opened up opportunities for them to seek a different lifestyle. Huang’s conversion in America and her later disillusionment about house church spirituality form a contrast. She experienced leaders’ lack of moral integrity and authenticity, and their theological understanding of the legitimate role of singlehood. In this discouraging spiritual environment, Huang became a pioneering leadership figure in ministering to other single females.