Functional anatomy of the pelvic floor

Abstract

The pelvic floor is a complex interrelated structure of muscles, ligaments, and fascia with multiple functions. These functions concern support of visceral organs, maintaining continence, facilitating micturition and evacuation, as well as forming part of the birth canal. This multifunctional unit has connections to the bony pelvis, to organs, and to the extensive fibroelastic network in the fat-containing anatomical spaces. Although human anatomy is unchanging, our understanding of the functional anatomy of the pelvic viscera and the biomechanics of pelvic organ support continues to evolve. Familiarity with the contemporary views of pelvic organ support is essential as we refine established methods for surgically correcting pelvic organ disorders and consider adopting new and innovative technologies. Considerations from urogynecologist, coloproctologist, and general surgeons were also reported.