Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine (AZD1222), an Approved, Non-Replicating Chimpanzee Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pandemic since the year 2019. To meet the challenge, the rapid research and development on the vaccine are paid much attention. This article focuses on the design and development of a promising AZD1222 vaccine to prevent or reduce COVID-19. To clarify the mechanism of this vaccine, the virology of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed: the properties, infectious mechanisms, interactions with human immune responses of SARS-CoV-2 included. The antigens selected, platform, routes and regimes for this vaccine are explained. The ongoing clinical trials and results for AZD1222, development of combination use with another Russia’s approved vaccine, and the distribution of AZD1222 itself are discussed. Keywords: AZD1222, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Adenovirus Vector, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Reviews.