Application of pulsed electric energy for grape waste biorefinery

Abstract

Grape is the most usable and claimed fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds and especially in phenolic compounds. Facilitation of extraction of these compounds is important problem in modern processes of bioconversion and biorefinery of winery waste (pomace, skins, stalks, seeds). Different constituents of grape are rich in phenolic compounds. These compounds have excellent antioxidant, antiallergen, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, cardioprotective, vasodilatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. For example, polyphenols have known health promoting effects and prevent or delay lipid oxidation in diverse food systems. Commonly, the existing techniques for extraction of these compounds are time consuming, can require large quantities of relatively costly or nongreen solvents, introducing of chemicals and enzymes, processing at high temperatures and pressures, and can cause large losses of nutrient resources and polyphenols recovery. This chapter concentrates on application of two modern electroporation-based extraction techniques: pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high voltage electrical discharges (HVED). Different applications of PEF and HVED treatment for improvement of juice and wine quality are discussed. The different examples of pulsed electric energy applications in pressure extraction systems are discussed. The efficiency of extraction of phenolic compounds and effects of pulsed electric energy on elimination of residual fungicides and microbial stabilization are considered. An introduction to the main aspects PEF and HVED treatments in relation with grape waste biorefinery is also provided.