Effect of local administration of platelet-rich plasma and guided tissue regeneration on the level of bone resorption in early dental implant insertion

Abstract

Background/Aim. Osseointegration is a result of cellular migration, differentiation, bone formation, and bone remodeling on the surface of an implant. Each of these processes depends on platelets and blood coagulum. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used to improve osseointegration and stability of implants. The aim of the research was to test the influence that PRP and guided tissue regeneration in bone defects have on bone defect filling and the level of bone resorption in early implant insertion. Methods. This experimental study included 10 dogs. A total of 40 BCT implants were inserted, 4 in each dog (two on the left side and two on the right side), with guided tissue regeneration. Radiologic analyses were done immediately after the insertion and 10 weeks after the insertion. Bone defect filling was measured by a graduated probe 10 weeks after the implant insertion. The following protocols were tested: I - PRP in combination with bovine deproteinized bone (BDB) and resorptive membrane of bovine origin (RBDM), II - BDB + RBDM, III - PRP + RBDM and IV - RBDM. Results. The applied protocols affected differently the bone defect filling and the level of bone resorption. Significantly better results (the lowest bone resorption) were achieved with protocol I (PRP + BDB + RBDM) in comparison with protocols III (PRP + RBDM) and IV (RBDM), but not with protocol II (BDB + RBDM). On the other hand, no significant difference was found among protocols II (BDB + RBDM), III (PRP + RBDM) and IV (RBDM) in the level of bone tissue resorption. Conslusion. The bone defect filling was largest and the level of bone resorption was lowest in the protocol with PRP applied in combination with BDB and RBDM.Uvod/Cilj. Oseointegracija dentalnih implantata je rezultat celijske migracije, diferencijacije, formiranja i remodeliranja kosti duz povrsine implantata. Svaki od ovih procesa zavisi od trombocita i krvnog koaguluma. Plazma bogata trombocitima (PRP) primenjuje se da bi se povecala oseointegracija odnosno stabilnost implantata. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita uticaj PRP i vodjene tkivne regeneracije u defektima kosti na popunjenost defekta kosti i stepen resorpcije kosti kod rane ugradnje dentalnih implantata. Metode. Eksperimentna studija sprovedena je na 10 pasa kojima je ugradjeno 40 BCT implantata i to po cetiri (dva sa leve strane i dva sa desne strane) uz vodjenu tkivnu regeneraciju. Rendgenoloska merenja implantata vrsena su neposredno nakon ugradnje i 10 nedelja nakon ugradnje, a popunjenost defekata kosti merena je graduisanom sondom 10 nedelja nakon ugradnje. Testirani su sledeci protokoli: I - PRP u kombinaciji sa bovinom deproteinizovanom kosti (BDK) i resorptivnom membranom bovinog porekla (RBDM), II - BDK + RBDM, III - PRP + RBDM i IV - RBDM. Rezultati. Primenjeni protokoli uticali su razlicito na ispunjenost defekata kosti i stepen resorpcije kosti. Znacajno bolji rezultati u smislu manje resorpcije kostanog tkiva postignuti su protokolom I (PRP + BDK + RBDM) u odnosu na protokole III (PRP + RBDM) i IV (RBDM). Izmedju protokola II (BDK + RBDM) i protokola III (PRP + RBDM) i IV (RBDM) nije nadjena statisticki znacajna razlika u resorpciji kostanog tkiva. Zakljucak. Popunjenost kostanih defekata najveca je, a stepen kostane resorpcije najmanji u protokolu primene PRP u kombinaciji sa bovinom deproteinizovanom kosti i resorptivnom membranom bovinog porekla.