Roles of interaction between actuator and nucleotide binding domains of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase as revealed by single and swap mutational analyses of serine 186 and glutamate 439

Abstract

Roles of hydrogen bonding interaction between Ser186 of the actuator (A) domain and Glu439 of nucleotide binding (N) domain seen in the structures of ADP-insensitive phosphorylated intermediate (E2P) of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase were explored by their double alanine substitution S186A/E439A, swap substitution S186E/E439S, and each of these single substitutions. All the mutants except the swap mutant S186E/E439S showed markedly reduced Ca2+-ATPase activity, and S186E/E439S restored completely the wild-type activity. In all the mutants except S186E/E439S, the isomerization of ADP-sensitive phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) to E2P was markedly retarded, and the E2P hydrolysis was largely accelerated, whereas S186E/E439S restored almost the wild-type rates. Results showed that the Ser186-Glu439 hydrogen bond stabilizes the E2P ground state structure. The modulatory ATP binding at sub-mM~mM range largely accelerated the EP isomerization in all the alanine mutants and E439S. In S186E, this acceleration as well as the acceleration of the ATPase activity was almost completely abolished, whereas the swap mutation S186E/E439S restored the modulatory ATP acceleration with a much higher ATP affinity than the wild type. Results indicated that Ser186 and Glu439 are closely located to the modulatoryATP binding site for the EP isomerization, and that their hydrogen bond fixes their side chain configurations thereby adjusts properly the modulatory ATP affinity to respond to the cellular ATP level. © 2009 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.