Interactions Between HIV-1 and Innate Immunity in Dendritic Cells

Abstract

Dendritic cells couple pathogen sensing with induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. Pathogen sensing in dendritic cells relies on interactions between molecular patterns of the pathogens and germline-encoded, also referred to as innate, receptors. In this chapter, we analyze some of the interactions between HIV-1 and the innate immune system in dendritic cells. The HIV-1 replication cycle is constituted by an extracellular and an intracellular phase. The two phases of the cycle provide distinct opportunities for interactions with cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic mechanisms in dendritic cells. According to the types of dendritic cells, the mechanisms of innate interactions between dendritic cells and HIV-1 lead to specific responses. These innate interactions may contribute to influencing and shaping the adaptive immune response against the virus.