The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community and Respiratory Health

Abstract

Health disparities related to sexual orientation have been relatively unexplored. Determining the impact of respiratory diseases in sexual minorities is difficult, given challenges in defining sexual orientation and few available data. Limited access to care or lack of provider education may lead to under-recognition of respiratory diseases in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Because of high prevalence of cigarette smoking, some subgroups within the LBGT community appear to be at risk for certain lung diseases (acute respiratory illnesses, asthma, and lung cancer), but data are inconclusive. Homosexual men are also at risk for HIV infection, which causes respiratory morbidity and may contribute to a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additional research and education are needed to improve the respiratory health of LGBT individuals and inform physicians regarding appropriate care for this population. Prevention and cessation of tobacco use present unique challenges in the LGBT community, but are of the utmost importance.