The chapter reviews the literature on causation as it pertains to developmental/life-course criminology and then applies criteria for causation to research studies on the putative biological causes of crime. Advances and limitations of biological explanation of developmental aspects of offending are reviewed, particularly with an eye on within-individual variations of offending over time.
CITATION STYLE
Loeber, R., Byrd, A. L., Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (2015). Why developmental criminology is still coming of age: The influence of biological factors on within-individual change. In The Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior: Theory, Research and Practical Applications (pp. 65–73). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08720-7_5
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