Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy in the Netherlands

Abstract

This book provides insight into how governments are using a variety of innovative fiscal and non-fiscal instruments to develop circular economies with significant economic and environmental benefits. It emphasises the urgent need for these circular economies and to move away from our current, linear model that has led to environmental degradation, volatility of resource prices and supply risks from uneven distribution of natural resources. Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy illustrates how governments have promoted the development of an economy that can provide substantial net material savings; mitigate price volatility and supply risks; and improve ecosystem health and long-term resilience of the economy. Through a series of case studies, it details the various innovative policy instruments which can be utilised, including regulations; market-based instruments; incentives; research and innovation support; information exchanges; and support for voluntary approaches. The book also proposes a series of best practices for different countries, both developed and developed, who are implementing their circular economy.-- Intro; Series Editor Foreword; Series Foreword; Natural Resource Management (NRM); Acknowledgements; Introduction; Contents; List of Tables; 1: The Circular Economy; Introduction; The Linear Economy; Linear Economy Challenges; Economic Growth; Changing Consumption Patterns; Raw Material Scarcity; Volatility of Resource Prices; Population Growth; Rapid Urbanisation; Rising Infrastructure Demand; Energy Use; Water Degradation; Waste; Air Pollution; Erosion of Ecosystem Services; Climate Change; Sustainable Development and Natural Capital; The Circular Economy Decoupling Economic Growth from Resource UseProduct Life Cycles in the Circular Economy; Key Differences Between the Linear and Circular Economies; The Role of Government in Developing a Circular Economy; Encouraging Better Product Design; Facilitating Better Consumption Choices; Improving Waste Management; Creating a Market for Waste to Resources; Guidance on Developing the Circular Economy; References; 2: Circular Economy: Fiscal and Non-Fiscal Tools; Introduction; Fiscal Tools; Environmental Taxes and Charges; Implementation of Environmental Taxes and Charges Subsidies and IncentivesTradeable Permits; Non-Fiscal Tools; Regulations; Green Public Procurement; Enhancing Business Competitiveness; Cluster Policies; Education and Training; Raising Industry Awareness and Capacity; Industry-Based Standards; Voluntary Agreements; Eco-Labels and Certification; Supporting Life Cycle Analyses; Greening the Supply Chain; Environmental Recognition Awards; Extended Producer Responsibility; Knowledge Transfer Networks; Information-Based Tools; Best Practice Measures for Selecting Effective Tool Mixes; References 3: Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy in LondonIntroduction; Challenges to the Linear Economy; Air Pollution; Climate Change; Energy; Population Growth; Waste; Water; Upstream Fiscal Tools; Flexible Financing for Circular Economy Business Projects; Upstream Non-Fiscal Tools; London Leaders Programme; Business Energy Challenge; Clean City Awards Scheme; Advance London: Circular Economy SME Business Support Programme for London; Circular Economy Champions Programme; The Mayorâ#x80;#x99;s Entrepreneur; Sustainable Design and Construction Guidance; Smart London Investor Showcase RE:FIT LondonHydrogen London; Downstream Fiscal Tools; Mayorâ#x80;#x99;s Air Quality Fund; London Low Emission Construction Partnership; Crowdfund London; Downstream Non-Fiscal Tools; FoodSave; The Mayorâ#x80;#x99;s Biodiesel Programme; London Waste Map; London Heat Map; Cleaner Vehicle Checker Scheme; Circular Economy Hackathon; Case Study Summary; Upstream; Downstream; References; 4: Natural Resource Management and the Circular Economy in Seattle; Introduction; Challenges to the Linear Economy; Air Pollution; Climate Change; Energy; Population Growth; Waste; Water; Upstream Fiscal Tools