Controlled release of cisplatin and cancer cell apoptosis with cisplatin encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

Abstract

The\rgoal of the present study is to utilize cis-diamminedichloroplatinum\r(cisplatin) loaded polymer nanoparticles (NPs) to give a controlled, extended,\rand local drug therapy for the treatment of cancer. We have used biodegradable\rand biocompatible poly(lactic-co-glycolic\racid) (PLGA) to prepare the NPs by adjusting the double emulsion technique using poly(vinylalcohol) as a\rsurface active agent. The PLGA NPs were characterized for particle size and\rshape, controlled release of cisplatin, and degradation. Cisplatin solubility\rin deionized water was increased up to 4 mg/mL by simply changing the solution\rparameters. Cisplatin encapsulated NPs were incubated in phosphate buffered\rsaline (PBS) at 37?C to study the release kinetics of cisplatin. Cisplatin\rwas released in a sustained manner with less than 20% release during a 3-day\rperiod followed by 50% release during a 21-day period. A degradation study of\rPLGA NPs demonstrated the loss of spherical shape during a 21-day period. We\ralso examined the cisplatin sensitive A2780 cell apoptosis when cells were\rincubated with cisplatin encapsulated PLGA NPs. A large number of cell\rapoptosis occurred as a result of cisplatin release from the PLGA NPs. These\rresults suggest that cisplatin encapsulated PLGA NPs can be used to treat the\rcancer cells by injecting them into a localized site minimizing the side\reffects.