Evidence-Based Treatment on Nasal Polyposis

Abstract

Nasal polyps (NPs) affect approximately 4% of the population (0.5-4%) and are mass lesions of the nasal cavity and are caused by inflammation. Typical symptoms are postnasal drip, anosmia, obstruction, rhinorrhea, and facial pain. The cause of NPs is not known; however, they have been associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis, allergies, fungus, multiple infections, and aspirin. Recurrence has been observed in approximately 10% of patients. In the past two decades, increased knowledge of NP pathobiology has opened new avenues for therapeutic intervention, which has been focused on S. aureus and fungi as well as other molecular pathways as potential targets. In particular, investigation and knowledge of chronic inflammation in NP has been essential to develop novel pharmacological approaches. NPs have been reported to occur in between 0.5% and 4% of the population, with the majority being asymptomatic in older patients. Controlling NP encompasses the use of both medication and sometimes surgery. Evidence suggests that corticosteroids are a primary therapy and prevent recurrence; however, the use of these drugs has multiple adverse effects and is not good as a long-term treatment option. Therefore, new therapies that have less side effects and long-term treatment are being investigated. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge for the treatment of NPs and the current and future methodologies that are/will be used to effectively manage medical intervention.