Speed of eating and 3-year BMI change: A nationwide prospective study of mid-age women

Abstract

Objective To conduct the first nationwide population survey to examine the associations between changes in speed of eating and weight gain over 3 years. The study also explored whether faster eating at baseline was related to healthy-weight women becoming overweight after 3 years. Design Longitudinal. At baseline, participants were randomly selected from a nationally representative sampling frame to participate in a prospective study. Women completed self-administered baseline questionnaires on demographic and health measures. Self-reported speed of eating, smoking status, physical activity, menopause status, and height and weight were collected at baseline and again 3 years later. Setting Nationwide study, New Zealand. Subjects Women (n 1601) aged 40-50 years were recruited at baseline from New Zealand electoral rolls. Results There was no evidence of associations between 3-year BMI adjusting for baseline BMI and either baseline speed of eating (slower and faster; P=0·524) or change in speed of eating (consistently faster eating, consistently slower eating, slower eating at baseline but not at 3 years, faster eating at baseline but not at 3 years; P=0·845). Of the 488 women with healthy BMI (18·5 to <25·0 kg/m 2 ) at baseline, seventy-seven (15·8 %) became overweight (BMI≥25·0 kg/m 2 ) after 3 years. Compared with those who were slower eaters at baseline, faster eating at baseline did not increase the risk of becoming overweight 3 years later (P=0·958) nor did change in speed of eating (P=0·236). Conclusions Results suggest that once women have reached mid-life, faster eating does not predict further weight gain.