Environmental Transmission of Human Pathogens Associated with SARS-CoV-2 and the Effect on Soil and Aquatic Ecosystem: A Biological Way of Management

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious virus which has caused the Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019, and, in a very short time, it has infected people all over the world. In fact, WHO declared it as pandemic in March 2020. The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be originated from interaction between several hosts, which makes it a potential zoonotic agent. Regarding the survival of virus on the environment, it is important to assess the period of infectivity, which differs among different surfaces. This chapter highlights the viability of virus on different contaminated surfaces, also focusing on metagenomic interactions. To investigate the potential directions for the evolution of this pandemic in the future, SARS-CoV-2 requires a reliable tool to access crucial details regarding the adaptation and evolution of the virus in the environment. Bioinformatic tools play an important role in identifying the similarity and variations in the Open Reading Frames (ORFs) of the viral genomes to elucidate the phytogenic relationships. In this regard, this chapter discusses about recent advances in bioinformatic tools to track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the soil and aquatic ecosystem. New technologies are coming into existence with a new aspect of solving some social problems. Hence, in this work a reliable in silico tool for metagenomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the environment has been discussed. Overall, this study tries to shed further light on aspect that could help to understand different types of robotics and techniques used for soil and aquatic system, with the main aim of accessing to relevant details on SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.