Study of an environmentally friendly method for the dissolution of precious metal with ionic liquid and iodoalkane

Abstract

Gold as a precious metal resource has high recycling significance. However, the current extraction methods cannot achieve the both efficiency and environmental friendliness. In this paper, we propose a new gold leaching agent, which can leach gold under light condition by mixing iodo-form (CHI3) with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BmimN(CN)2) ionic liquid. Under 25 °C and 13 W incandescent lamp irradiation, the leaching yield of gold can achieve 100 wt%, and the average leaching rate is 945 mg Au/(h∙mol∙CHI3) (18.9 times of that of the cyanidation method). Through the analysis of the results of radical inhibition experiment, UV‐Vis and XPS, a possible leaching mechanism is proposed: the iodine radical generated by light oxidizes Au0 to Au+, and then forms AuN(CN)2 by coordinating with N(CN)2−. Subsequently, the ionic liquid and Au N(CN)2 form a stable [Bmim]∙[Au(N(CN)2)2] ion pair structure, further promoting the dissolution reaction. The leaching yield of gold can reach 81.9 wt% and 100 wt%, respectively, when applied to ore and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE); the leaching yield of gold can also reach 100 wt% when applied to a waste catalyst by adding a Soxhlet extraction. The results show that this method is not only efficient, mild, and environmentally friendly, but also has strong adaptability and wide application prospects.