Platantheras of Unknown Alignment

Abstract

Platanthera flava is pollinated primarily by unidentified mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Central partitions divide the opening to the nectar spur in half and may represent an adaptation to restrict pollen acquisition. Pollinaria are attached to the proboscis. Small moths may act as secondary pollinators. Platanthera chorisiana includes autogamous, geitonogamous, and outcrossing populations. Insect pollination and outcrossing are thus far known only in Japan. Examined North American plants are exclusively autogamous, perhaps as a result of intense competition for pollinators or harsh weather conditions and restricted pollinator activity.