Effects of psychosocial factors on nonadherence to ART in Ganta, Nimba county, Liberia

Abstract

Background: It has been widely noted that lifetime adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is necessary for HIV treatment outcome; however, retention on ART among people living with HIV (PLWH) remains a great challenge to achieve the Global AIDS Strategy: End inequalities, End AIDS. Nonadherence to ART is one of the HIV care problem in Liberia despite the availability of free ART. Psychosocial factors, i.e., perceived stigma and social support likely contributed to nonadherence to ART. We investigated associations among clinical factors, psychosocial factors, and nonadherence to ART. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 PLWH, age ≥ 18 years receiving ART in Ganta, Nimba county, Liberia at least 3 months. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data from April to May 2020. Associated factors of nonadherence to ART were identified using multivariable binary logistic regression, and the p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 185 respondents, 62.2% showed nonadherence to ART. Females reported higher nonadherence compared with males (64.4% vs. 56.6%). Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed strong experiences of stigma (PORadj = 2.392, p-value = 0.018), poor information support (PORadj = 2.102, p-value = 0.026) increased prevalence of ART nonadherence among Liberian PLWH. Conclusions: The healthcare providers may apply interventions to reduce perceived stigma and to enhance continuous information provision in addition to support from health care providers and family members. An intensive monitoring of ART side effects is needed to be strengthened in particular among newly started ART patients.