Phase Angle and the Diagnosis of Impending Death in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Preliminary Findings

Abstract

Background: Phase angle is a prognostic factor in patients with months of survival, but its accuracy has not been examined in patients with weeks/days of survival. We determined the association between phase angle and survival in patients with advanced cancer admitted to an acute palliative care unit (APCU). Subjects, Materials, and Methods: We prospectively assessed phase angle in consecutive patients with advanced cancer admitted to our APCU. We conducted univariate and multivariate survival analyses adjusting for established prognostic factors. Post hoc subgroup analyses examined patients with and without edema. Results: Among 204 patients, the median overall survival was 10 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–11 days). Seventy‐four (36%) did not have edema. The median phase angle was 3.7° for the entire cohort, 3.9° for the nonedematous subgroup and 3.6° for the edematous subgroup. In univariate analysis, a low phase angle was associated with decreased survival for the entire cohort (≤3° vs. >3°, median survival 7 vs. 10 days, p =.045) and the nonedematous subgroup (5 vs. 18 days, p