Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Adhesive Resin Cement—Lithium-Disilicate/Resin-Composite Blocks

Abstract

Purpose: Resin composite blocks (RCB) are advocated as alternative to ceramic blocks (CB). Prior to use, adherence to these materials should characterized. This study aimed to test the null hypothesis (H0) that material and surface treatment combinations do not influence interfacial fracture toughness (KIC) of a self-cured adhesive resin cement [RelyX Ultimate (RXU)] to RCB or CB, under nonaged and aged conditions. Materials and Methods: Two RCB, Lava Ultimate (LU) and Enamic (EN), and one CB, IPS e.max Press (EMP) were used. Half-size [(6 × 6 × 6 × 6 mm)] specimens were prepared for EMP (n = 30), EN (n = 30), and LU (n = 60). RCB specimens were prepared by wet cutting/grinding, while CB specimens were pressed. Surfaces of EMP and EN were preconditioned with hydrofluoric acid (5%); surfaces of LU were sandblasted with either 27 μm alumina (LUS) or 30 μm silica-modified alumina Rocatec soft (LUR). All specimens were bonded with Scotchbond Universal adhesive and RXU. Additionally, twenty (4 × 4 × 4 × 8 mm) RXU specimens were prepared. All specimens were stored in water at 37°C and tested after 1 and 60 days. Interfacial KIC was determined with the notchless triangular prism specimen KIC test. Results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05). Preconditioned and selected fractured surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Results: At 24 hours, LUS-RXU and LUR-RXU had significantly higher interfacial KIC than EN-RXU and EMP-RXU and were not different from KIC of RXU. Aging lead to a significant decrease in KIC of RXU and interfacial KIC of LUS-RXU, LUR-RXU, and EMP-RXU; interfacial KIC of EN-RXU was not affected. Based on the results, H0 was rejected. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, at 24 hours, interfacial KIC of LUS-RXU and LUR-RXU was superior to EMP-RXU and EN-RXU. Aging in water at 37°C did not affect interfacial KIC of EN-RXU but adversely affected KIC of RXU and the other interfacial KIC. Clinical Implications: The results suggest that RXU and its adherence to LU and EMP deteriorates upon exposure to water at 37°C. In making clinical decisions related to material selection, practitioners should consider in vitro results.