Flora visitada pelas abelhas eussociais (Hymenoptera, Apidae) na Serra da Capivara, em Caatinga do Sul do Piauí

Abstract

This study presents the flora explored by Apis mellifera L. (Africanized honey bee) and stingless bees, and their seasonal phenology, in a caatinga vegetation, located in the Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí State, tropical Brazil. During one year, bees were monthly collected with entomological nets, while visiting flowers. Sampling took place in two places. Eusocial bees, A. mellifera and 12 stingless bees species, were collected visiting 69 angiopermas species. Like reported in other studies on caatinga, a plant family heavily foraged was Leguminosae, but there were a few melittophilic species in common. A. mellifera visited 32 floral species and the stingless bees visited 58 species; among them Trigona spinipes Fabr. had the largest spectrum of plant species visited. A. mellifera showed the opportunistic behavior, but this was not observed with the majority of the stingless bee species. Regarding the seasonal phenology, the picture is like others studies conducted in the caatinga: abundance and floral heterogeneity during the rainy station, when the sampling was most effective, and shortage of floral resources during the dry season, when the occurrence of the eusocial bee species was reduced.