Numerous examples exist in population health of work that erroneously forces the causes of health to sum to 100%.This is surprising. Clear refutations of this error extend back 80 years. Because public health analysis, action, and allocation of resources are ill served by faulty methods, I consider why this error persists. I first review several highprofile examples, including Doll and Peto's 1981 opus on the causes of cancer and its current interpretations; a 2015 highpublicity article in Science claiming that two thirds of cancer is attributable to chance; and the influential Web site "County Health Rankings &Roadmaps: Building a Culture of Health, CountybyCounty,"whose model sums causes of health to equal 100%: physical environment (10%), social and economic factors(40%),clinicalcare(20%), and health behaviors (30%). Critical analysis of these works and earlier historical debates reveals that underlying the error of forcing causes of health to sum to 100% is the still dominantbutdeeply flawed view that causation can be parsed as nature versus nurture. Better approaches exist for tallying risk and monitoring efforts to reach health equity.
CITATION STYLE
Krieger, N. (2017, April 1). Health equity and the fallacy of treating causes of population health as if they sum to 100%. American Journal of Public Health. American Public Health Association Inc. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303655
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