Incidence and outcome of gastrointestinal complications after cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

Gastrointestinal complications (GI-complications) after CPB are rare, but are associated with high mortality and hospital cost. This retrospective analysis investigates the incidence, patient profile and post-operative course of GI-complications after CPB. The charts of 8869 adult patients, operated on CPB between 1995 and 2002, were reviewed. Patients with post-OP GI-complications were compared to a control group of 1057 consecutive patients operated on CPB between 05/2000 and 04/2001. The incidence of GI-complications was 0.79% with an overall mortality of 21.5% (vs. 3% in controls, P < 0.05). Most frequent were upper GI-tract-bleeding (58%), followed by pancreatitis (11%) and cholecystitis (10%). GI-complications were diagnosed 9.2 ± 5.9 days after surgery, with 58.5% after a primarily uneventful post-op course. Compared to control, patients with GI-complications showed no difference in pre-operative comorbidity and EuroSCORE. However, surgery of the thoracic aorta, prolonged CPB time, and necessity for re-thoracotomy was significantly more frequent in patients with GI-complications (P < 0.05). GI-complications after CPB remain a rare, but dreaded complication associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis may require a high degree of clinical vigilance as the majority of GI-complications occurred after a primarily uneventful post-op course. Age, co-morbidity, and EuroSCORE were not different between patients with GI-complications and control.