Potencial energético e alternativas para o aproveitamento do biogás e lodo de reatores UASB: Estudo de caso Estação de tratamento de efluentes Laboreaux (Itabira)

Abstract

This work assesses the potential of energy recovery of the byproducts biogas and sludge produced at the Laboreaux wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), in Itabira (MG), which is integrated by UASB reactors, trickling filters and sludge dehydration unit (filter press). The byproducts biogas and sludge were quantitatively (production) and qualitatively (composition and calorific value) characterized during a monitoring period of 12 months. Two scenarios for energy recovery from the byproducts were considered: (i) priority use of biogas for sludge thermal drying and the excess of biogas being used for power generation in an internal combustion engine (ICE); and (ii) primary use of biogas for power generation and the heat of the engine exhaustion gases being used for sludge thermal drying. Biogas burning conditions into a combustion chamber and in an internal combustion engine, as well as mass and energy balances for each scenario, were assessed with the CHEMCAD® software. The study analysed the potential use of the byproducts as sources of renewable energy for use in the WWTP itself and to be offered to third party. In scenario 1, the electricity generation is lower (fulfilling 22.2% of the WWTP energy demand), but thermal drying allows greater reduction of sludge volume to be disposed of, or the entire elimination of final disposal if the dry sludge (with 10% moisture content) is used as fuel by the third party. As for scenario 2, the electricity generation is sufficient to supply 57.6% of the WWTP energy demand, nevertheless the heat contained in exhausted gases is not enough to dry the whole dehydrated sludge, configuring a lower reduction of sludge amount to be disposed of (13.5 or 24.9% of mass reduction, depending on the moisture reduction alternative chosen).