Abstract
Benign essential blepharospasm (henceforth “blepharospasm”) and hemifacial spasm are conditions which are linked in the final manifestation of facial spasm and are similar in regard to basic approaches to treatment. These diseases are both movement disorders but have completely different pathophysiology. For this reason, the chapter is divided into separate sections, the first on blepharospasm and the second on hemifacial spasm.
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CITATION STYLE
Leyngold, I., Berbos, Z., Georgescu, D., & Anderson, R. L. (2012). Essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. In Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Third Edition (pp. 345–354). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0971-7_21
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