PCR for the analysis of Nosema in honey bees

Abstract

This chapter is a technique paper outlining steps for the successful detection of Nosemia intracellular parasites using microscopic and molecular techniques. Species that infect honey bees are Nosema apis (only infects Apis mellifera) and Nosema ceranae (infects both A. mellifera and A. cerana). This is a widespread parasite that has been recognized and has caused problems in the beekeeping industry for over 100 years. Control is through use of the antibiotic fumagillin. This parasite kills bees by causing an infection to the midgut. The chapter off ers a standardized method of detection because outward symptoms of nosemosis are not always present.