Bluetongue virus viral protein 7 stability in the presence of glycerol and sodium chloride

Abstract

Purpose: The Orbivirus Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an economically significant disease that affects mainly wild and domestic ruminants. BTV is most often seen symptomatically in sheep, but is easily carried by goats, cattle, and wild ruminants. To date there are several problems with the vaccines currently available for BTV, and one of the most promising candidates to increase vaccine efficacy is a protein-based vaccine, for which viral protein 7 (VP7) is a great candidate to be included in it. In order to further these studies, the stability of BTV VP7 in common vaccine additives needs to be investigated. Materials and Methods: Recombinant BTV VP7 was expressed in a bacterial cell system and purified before being analysed using spectroscopic techniques including far-ultraviolet (UV) circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. BTV was analysed in a number of different buffer conditions. Results: We report here that BTV VP7 maintains its native secondary structure until at least 52°C and native-like tertiary structure to at least 80°C. Far-UV circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra indicate significant secondary and tertiary structure remaining even at 90°C, respectively. Six M guanidinium chloride is able to unfold BTV VP7 while 8 M urea could not. Conclusion: Twenty percent glycerol and 300 mM sodium chloride appear to have a protective effect on BTV VP7’s structure, as significantly more structure is seen at 90°C when compared to BTV VP7 without the addition of these chemicals. Both glycerol and sodium chloride are common vaccine additives.