Determination of site-specific (deuterium/hydrogen) ratios in vanillin by2H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: Collaborative study

Abstract

The results of collaborative study are reported for a method that determines the site-specific isotope ratios of deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) i in vanillin by deuterium-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 2H-NMR) spectrometry. This method allows characterization of all the main commercial sources of commercial vanillin and detection of undeclared mixtures. It is based on the fact that the amounts of deuterium at various positions in the vanillin molecule are significantly different from one source to another. Vanillin is dissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed with a high-field NMR spectrometer fitted with a deuterium probe and a fluorine lock. The proportions of isotopomers monodeuterated at each hydrogen position of the molecule are recorded, and the corresponding (D/H) ratios are determined by using a calibrated reference. Nine laboratories analyzed 5 materials supplied as blind duplicates (1 natural vanillin from vanilla beans, 2 synthetic vanillins from guaiacol, 1 semisynthetic vanillin from lignin, and a mixture of natural and synthetic vanillins). The precision of the method for measuring site-specific ratios was as follows: for (D/H)1 the within-laboratory standard deviation (sr) values ranged from 2.2 to 5.8 ppm, and the among-laboratories standard deviation (SR) values ranged from 3.6 to 5.1 ppm; for (D/H)3 the sr values ranged from 1.7 to 3.2 ppm, and the SR values ranged from 2.4 to 3.7 ppm; for (D/H)4 the sr values ranged from 2.3 to 6.2 ppm, and the SR values ranged from 2.4 to 6.4 ppm; for (D/H)5 the sr values ranged from 0.8 to 2.7 ppm, and the SR values ranged from 0.9 to 2.3 ppm. It was shown that these values allow a satisfactory discrimination between vanillin sources. Therefore, the Study Director recommends the method for adoption as a First Action Official Method by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.