Caffeine Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Hyperhomocysteinemia

Abstract

l-Methionine chronic administration leads to impairment of memory. This impairment is due to the increase in the body oxidative stress, which damages neurons and prevents their firing. On the other hand, caffeine has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects that could prevent impairment of memory induced by l-methionine chronic administration. In the current study, this hypothesis was evaluated. l-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day) was orally administered to animals for 4 weeks and caffeine (0.3 g/L) treatment was added to the drinking water. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to test spatial learning and memory. Antioxidant biomarkers were assessed in the hippocampus tissues using biochemical assay methods. Chronic l-methionine administration induced (short- and long-) term memory impairment (P < 0.05), while caffeine treatment prevented such effect. Additionally, l-methionine treatment reduced catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx”) enzymatic activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. These effects were normalized by caffeine treatment. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was unchanged by either l-methionine or caffeine treatments. In conclusion, l-methionine induces impairment of memory, and caffeine treatment prevented this impairment probably through affecting hippocampus antioxidant mechanisms.