Geography of Energy Development in Western North America: Potential Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystems

Abstract

Rapid development of the rich energy resources found in western North America may have dramatic consequences for its vast areas with low human population density and undeveloped wild lands. If development continues at its current pace, the outcome will probably be energy sprawl (McDonald et al. 2009), resulting in a western landscape fragmented by energy infra- structure such as roads, well pads, wind towers, and transmission lines. Sci- entists increasingly warn of the threat posed by energy sprawl to iconic western species such as sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and prong- horn (Antilocapra americana). Clearly, energy development is detrimental to many wildlife species, and the increasing demand for energy and the West’s abundant supply nearly ensures that these resources will be devel- oped. Our aim here is to illustrate the scale of potential impacts, to draw comparisons between different energy sources, and to catalyze large-scale planning efforts designed to meet energy demands while reducing impacts on sensitive wildlife species and habitats.