Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

In the era of nanotheranostics, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) attracted the attention of scientific communities as they can be functionalized and controlled under the influence of a remote magnetic field. This distinct feature of MNPs has been exploited for delivering drugs and genes to the specific target site, tracking cells, biosensing, bio-separation, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia therapy, and tissue engineering. Recent studies documented the applicability of MNPs incorporated with bioactive agents to provide organ-specific diagnosis and treatment. MRI based on MNPs has been widely used for synchronizing tumor removal, tissue-specific gene delivery, and cell replacement therapy. Moreover, a considerable advancement was noticed in the synthesis of MNPs with desired morphology, surface chemistry, and physicochemical characteristics as they influence the toxigenic nature and biodistribution of MNPs. Research works focusing on the surface chemistry of MNPs have also been increased as coating of MNPs can increase their stability and affinity to the target site and overcome the limitations in the immunogenicity and biocompatibility of the applied MNPs. This chapter aims to address the recent developments in designing and synthesis of MNPs, their surface functionalization, characterization, surface coating strategies, and their utility in disease diagnosis and treatment.