A Review and Perspective on Path Dependency in Batteries

Abstract

Reliability of battery state estimation and lifetime prediction is essential to develop operation strategies that improve lifetime, safety, and sustainability. However, this is difficult, because of complex phenomena such as path dependency of battery aging, path dependency of power capability, voltage hysteresis, or memory effects. Herein, these phenomena as well as test protocols, models, and analysis methods being frequently applied in this context are reviewed. The discussion indicates that insights into path dependency are of great importance to understand battery operation under realistic conditions. Challenges and possible future research directions are outlined.